Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings

This title should more emphasize "ancient maps" than "sea kings".  Other than the assumption that whoever made these maps were kings of the sea.  "In one field, ancient sea charts, it appears that accurate information has been passed down from people to people ...We have evidence that they were collected and studied in the great library of Alexandria and that compilations of them were made by the geographers who worked there."(preface)

The Piri Re'is Map pictured above is called a portolan map due to to 5 different centers that radiate "spokes".  A map scholar A.E. Nordenskiold showed that portolanos were "slavishly copied from an original" because the "outine...and same scale distance was used on all portolanos. (147:24)"  He also felt that the portolanos "had its ultimate origin in the time when the Phoenicians or Carthaginians ruled over the Mediterranean.." (p.9)

Those guys again! 

"Can we lightly assume that medieval sailors or the fourteenth century, without any of this knowledge, and without modern instruments except a rudimentary compass--and without mathematics--could produce a more scientific product?" (p.11)

"Since the earth is round, and the portolan design was apparently based on a flat projection...the parallel meridians would deviate further and further from True North...the portolan design could compensate for this by using different Norths." (note on p.17)

Not only that but the circumference of the earth was proven to be known by the mapmakers with no discernable error at all! (p.33 the author explains)

The islands are in correct longitude along the Atlantic.  What emerges is "the survival of a cartographic tradition that could hardly have come to us except through some such people as the Phoenicians or the Minoans, the great sea peoples who long preceded the Greeks but passed down to them their maritime lore."

The mapping of the Ross Sea (Oronteus Finaeus Map) in Antartica had to have been done before the ice formed about 6,000 yrs ago or 4000 BC.

"These findings with regard to the De Canerio map affect rather deeply our views with regard to the Pire Re'is Map and other maps to be considered later.  It would now seem that the original source maps used by Piri Re'is for Africa and Europe, and perhaps also for the American coasts, as well as the portolanos, may have been based on spherical trigonometry." (emphasis added p.123)

"To understand how impossible it would have been for the Portuguese or other western explorers to have accurately mapped these coasts, even if they had explored them, we have only to understand that sea charts with graduated scales of degrees, subdividing the multiples of them into equal smaller units, were not in use by navigators until after 1496." (p.123)

"Finally, Alfred Isroe detected the twelve-wind system, in a very dilapidated form, in the De Canestris Map of 1335-37...Most ingenious work was done in adapting the geography to human forms--including those of a man and a woman..."

Speculation by me:  The woman is Tea Tephi or Scota?  The Lion above her head is the lion of the tribe of Judah?  The Mediterranean "water man" is Phoenician?  He has the book strategically placed by Alexandria, which would include maps of the seas.  Egypt man is angry because of the rise of new stronger nations and its own downfall. 

"It would seem that this map...and a whole family of other maps from this period of the Middle Ages, are, in fact, not so much original productions of the Middle Ages as degenerated versions of ancient maps, very possibly drawn by the geographers of the School of Alexandria."

Twelfth Century Map of China - "a very remarkable map that had been carved in stone in China in the year 1137 AD...known to have existed indefinitely before that." (p.135)

"...what revealed itself here was the oblong grid found on the Piri Re'is Map...a parallel that suggested an historical connection between this map and maps of the West."  (p.139)  "...mapmakers had means of finding longitude as accurately as they found latitude, exactly as was the case with the portolan charts in the West....based on spherical trigonometry." (p. 145)

"It seems to me that the evidence of this map points to the existence in very ancient times of a worldwide civilization, the mapmakers of which mapped virtually the entire globe with a uniform  general level of technology, with similar methods, equal knowledge of mathematics...I regard this Chinese map as the capstone of the structure I have erected...For me it settles the question as to whether the ancient culture that penetrated Antartica, and originated all the ancient western maps, was indeed worldwide." ( Italics the authors, bold mine p.145)

In the Ibn Ben Zara Map "there were five tiny faces in medallions in corners of the map, where mapmakers of the Renaissance followed the custom of placing faces symbolizing the winds."(p.173)

"The most important evidence for the age of the maps, however, is to be found in those showing the Antartic, especially in the maps of Mercator, Piri Re'is, and Oronteus Finaeus.  All of these maps show the continent at a time when there was a temperate climate there." (p. 185)

The last chapter "A Civilization That Vanished" touches on archaeological acomplishments (Cities of Troy and Crete) and touches on the Egyptians and Mayans (regarding their calendars) with some rough estimates of Archaic culture of Indian civilization.   Rather than putting it all together into a readable story, he suggests its there and leaves us to unravel it, where Discovery of Ancient America puts a more cohesive story related to the Bible.  However, on page 205 he charts the gods of the four elements in some 15 cultures looking for a "point of origin" that "must lie farther back, in a culture earlier than Egypt."

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